Yet again a contentious species with regard to taxonomy, treated here as per Harrison 2021 as Atlantic Fulmar, although not
all authorities agree. Breeding from the high Arctic as far south as Newfoundland and the UK a further subspecies auduboni is described. This is primarily found in
Northern and Western Europe including the UK, most birds are pale phase, but there is no suggestion of a further split. Dark phase birds, known as "Blue Fulmar" predominate
further west and in the high Arctic, they are occasionally seen in Britain, but many intergrades occur.
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